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3D model: built with RDKit (Landrum, n.d.). Atom descriptions adapted from NCBI (n.d.).
Pharmacology e-project · Morphine
Michelle Griffin
Division of School of Professional Counseling, Lindsey Wilson University
COUN 6173-S2: Theories of Addiction & Pharmacology
Dr. Patrick Murphy, PhD, NCC, LPC-MHSP
November 8, 2026
Opioids are the leading substance in direct drug-related deaths worldwide (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC], 2026). Follow the highlighted paths through the morphine molecule to learn how it’s classified, how it gets into the body, what intoxication, overdose, and withdrawal look like, and how the body clears it out. You’ll finish with a brief summary of research on alternative classes of opioid analgesics that may be safer to use.